一、塑膠模（mó）具結構按功能分
1、 Plastic mold structure is divided by function
主要由：澆注係統、調溫係統、成型零件係（xì）統、排（pái）氣係（xì）統、導（dǎo）向係統、頂出（chū）係統等組成（chéng）。其中澆注係統和成型零件是與塑料直接接觸（chù）部分，並隨塑料和製品而變化，是塑模中複雜，變化，要求加工光潔度和精度的部分。
It is mainly composed of gating system, temperature regulating system, forming part system, exhaust system, guiding system, ejection system, etc. Among them, the gating system and molding parts are the parts in direct contact with plastics and change with plastics and products. They are the most complex and changing parts in the plastic mold, which require the highest machining finish and precision.
1.澆注係統：
1. Gating system:
是指塑料從射嘴（zuǐ）進入型腔前的流道部分，包括主流（liú）道、冷料穴、分流道（dào）和澆口等。
It refers to the part of the flow channel before the plastic enters the cavity from the nozzle, including the main flow channel, cold material cavity, shunt channel and gate, etc.
2.成型零件係統：
2. Formed part system:
是指構成製（zhì）品形狀的各種零件組合，包括動模、定模和（hé）型腔（凹（āo）模（mó））、型（xíng）芯（凸模）、成型杆等組成。型芯形（xíng）成製品的內表麵（miàn），型腔（凹模）形成製品的外表麵形狀。合模後（hòu）型芯和型腔便構成了模具的型腔。按工（gōng）藝和製造要求（qiú），有時型芯和凹模由若幹拚塊組合而成，有時做成整體，僅在易損（sǔn）壞、難加工的（de）部位采用鑲件。
It refers to the combination of various parts constituting the shape of the product, including moving die, fixed die, cavity (concave die), core (punch), forming rod, etc. The core forms the inner surface of the product, and the cavity (die) forms the outer surface shape of the product. After clamping, the core and cavity form the cavity of the die. According to the process and manufacturing requirements, sometimes the core and die are combined by several blocks, sometimes as a whole, and inserts are only used in the parts that are easy to be damaged and difficult to process.
3.調（diào）溫係統（tǒng）：
3. Temperature regulating system:
為了滿（mǎn）足注射工藝對模具溫度的要求（qiú），需要有調溫（wēn）係統對模具的溫度進行調節。對於熱塑性塑料用注（zhù）塑模，主要是設計冷（lěng）卻係統（tǒng）使模具冷卻（也可對模具進行加熱）。模（mó）具冷卻的常用辦法是在模具內開設冷卻水通道，利用循環流動的冷卻水帶走模具（jù）的熱量；模具的加熱除可利用冷卻水通熱水或熱油外，還可在模具內部和周圍安裝電（diàn）加熱元件（jiàn）。
In order to meet the requirements of injection process for mold temperature, a temperature regulating system is needed to adjust the mold temperature. For injection molds for thermoplastics, the cooling system is mainly designed to cool the mold (or heat the mold). The common method of mold cooling is to set up a cooling water channel in the mold, and use the circulating cooling water to take away the heat of the mold; In addition to using cooling water to heat hot water or hot oil, electric heating elements can also be installed in and around the mold.
4.排氣係統：
4. Exhaust system:
是為了將注射成型過（guò）程中（zhōng）型腔內的空氣及塑膠融化所產生的氣體排除到模具外而設（shè）立，排氣不暢（chàng）時製品表麵會形成氣痕（hén）（氣（qì）紋）、燒焦等不良；塑膠模具的排氣係（xì）統（tǒng）通常是在模具中開設的一種槽形出氣口，用以排出原有型腔空氣的（de）及熔（róng）料帶入的氣體。
It is set up to exclude the air in the medium-sized cavity and the gas generated by plastic melting from the mold in the injection molding process. When the exhaust is not smooth, the product surface will form gas marks (gas lines), charring and other defects; The exhaust system of plastic mold is usually a grooved air outlet opened in the mold to discharge the air in the original mold cavity and the gas brought in by molten material.
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